Een arrangement is een bewerking van een bestaand
stuk
muziek of
compositie voor een andere bezetting, een bepaalde stijl
of een bepaalde gelegenheid. De
melodielijn ligt nagenoeg vast waarbij een
arrangeur nieuwe partijen schrijft met invulling, tweede
en verdere stemmen. Ook het omgekeerde komt voor; van een
orkestwerk kan een arrangement worden gemaakt voor piano
(vaak een klavieruittreksel genoemd), waarbij meestal
juist een aantal stemmen 'verloren' gaan.
englisch
Arrangement
In music, an arrangement loosely describes rewriting a piece of pre-existing
music for a specific set of instruments or voices, often in harmony or with
additional original material.
The American Federation of Musicians defines arranging as "the art of
preparing and adapting an already written composition for presentation in
other than its original form. An arrangement may include reharmonization,
paraphrasing, and/or development of a composition, so that it fully
represents the melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic structure" (Corozine 2002,
p.3).
1 Explanation
2 Credit for an 'arrangement'
3 Popular music
4 Classical music
5 Jazz music
6 Arrangers
7 Further reading
8 See Also
9 Sources
Explanation
An arrangement is often an adaptation of a previously arranged piece of
music for a musical application other than that for which it was originally
intended. This includes arrangements for different instruments, for example
an arrangement for piano or flute, or a duet, based on a symphonic piece, or
an arrangement of instrumental accompaniment for vocal music). Or, it may be
an adaptation for another musical style, for example adaptation of a
classical piece for a jazz or rock ensemble, orchestration of a song written
by a popular band, or an a cappella setting of a song from a stage musical
or an opera.
In jazz or studio settings, "arranging" is most commonly used to describe
the process that is also called orchestration, adaptation, setting,
instrumentation, or a variety of other terms. Orchestration differs in that
it is only adapting music for an orchestra or musical ensemble while
arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new thematic
material for introductions, transitions, or modulations, and endings...Arranging
is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety" (ibid).
A satisfactory musical arrangement will most likely (ibid, p.4):
Provide "contrast between high and low sounds"
Avoid heavily doubled parts with an emphasis on solo sections
Be "sufficiently transparent to allow the musical lines to be clearly heard"
and
Not have all the instruments playing throughout.
An arrangement may specify or vary some or all of:
Harmonies, including parts.
Instrumentation.
Style, dynamics and other instructions to the players.
Sequence, including the order and number of repeats of sections such as
verses and choruses, and provision of sections to be improvised by
instrumentalists.
Introduction, coda, modulations and other variations.
Credit for an 'arrangement'
As with composition, the ready availability of sound recording equipment has
changed the understanding of what "arrangement" means. At one stage, credit
for an arrangement would only be given to a person who had produced a
written musical score of some sort. More recently, any original treatment of
an existing work that is available for repeated performance by other players
may qualify to be loosely called an arrangement. In jazz an unscored
collaborative arrangement is called a "head arrangement" (Randel 2002,
p.294; it is in the head of the musician(s)). Every time a piece of music is
performed it has an arrangement, which may or may not have been done by a
professional arranger.
Popular music
In popular music an arrangement is a setting of a piece of music, which may
have been composed by the arranger or by someone else. Most commonly, this
is a matter of providing instrumentation for the songwriter or composer's
basic melody and harmony. It may add details omitted by the composer, or it
may replace those originally given and be merely based on the original work.
Classical music
In European classical music an arrangement is a setting of any composition
for a medium other than the one in which it was created: for example, a
piano piece may be arranged for full orchestra, or an orchestral composition
may be arranged for solo piano. Often arrangement involves considerable
reworking of the original material, in conformance with the resources of the
final medium.
Jazz music
In jazz music, an arrangement is a specific setting of a pre-existing
composition, although in jazz, the arranger has a larger role: it is common
for jazz arrangers to contribute additional original material of their own,
to significantly alter the forms and structures of the pre-existing material,
or to combine the pre-existing material with snippets or quotes from other
pre-existing material.
Big bands such as those of Duke Ellington, Bennie Moten, and Count Basie
performed head arrangements (ibid).
Arrangers
Popular music arrangers include:
Manny Albam
Ray Anthony
H.B. Barnum
Les Baxter
Heinie Beau
Perry Botkin, Jr
Bugs Bower
Buddy Bregman
Billy Byers
Charles Callelo
Tutti Camarata
Al Capps
Ralph Carmichael
Benny Carter
Dave Cavanaugh
Alan Cohen
Don Costa
Tadd Dameron
Nick De Caro
Luchi De Jesus
Frank De Vol
Eumir Deodato
Bill Doggett
Duke Ellington
Ray Ellis
Gil Evans
Percy Faith
Robert Farnon
Sid Feller
Claire Fischer
Bob Florence
Frank Foster
Edson Frederico
Ernie Freeman
Russell Garcia
Jimmy Giuffre
Johnny Green
Slide Hampton
Jim Harbert
Jimmie Haskell
Neal Hefti
Fletcher Henderson
Belford Hendricks
Bill Holman
Andrew Homzy
Bob James
J. J. Johnson
Jimmy Jones
Quincy Jones
Thad Jones
Gordon Jenkins
Bradley Joseph
Barney Kessel
Colin Keyes
Pete King
Norman Leyden
Joe Lippman
Malcolm Lockyer
Joe Long (arranger for The Four Seasons)
Geoff Love
Billy May
Henry Mancini
Johnny Mandel
Marty Manning
George Martin
Skip Martin
Matty Matlock
Robert Mersey
Hal Mooney
Pete Moore
Gerry Mulligan
Peter Matz
Jack Nitzsche
Fred Norman
Sammy Nestico
Claus Ogerman
Sy Oliver
David Paich (arranger for Michael Jackson, Rod Stewart)
Marty Paich
Hugo Peretti
Kevin Porée
Don Redman
Joe Reisman
Johnny Richards
Nelson Riddle
Pete Rugolo
Eddie Sauter
Lalo Schiffrin
John Scott Trotter
Don Sebesky
Johnnie Spence
Axel Stordahl
Billy Strayhorn
Claude Thornhill
Vic Vogel
Richard Wess
Paul Weston
Ernie Wilkins
John Williams
Gerald Wilson
Hugo Winterhalter
Torrie Zito
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